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Names Depending on locality hookahs or shishas may be referred to by many names Arabic Language use it as Shisha or Nargeela or Argeela and they use it throughout the whole of the Arab World Narghil but sometimes pronounced Argilah is the name most commonly used in Turkey Cyprus Armenia Azerbaijan Lebanon Iraq Jordan and Syria Narghile derives from the Persian word nrghile meaning coconut which in turn is from the Sanskrit word nrikela suggesting that early hookahs were hewn from coconut shells In Albania Bosnia Croatia the hookah is called Lula or Lulava in Romani meaning pipe the word shishe refers to the actual bottle piece citation needed In Serbia Srpska Republika od Bosna i Hercegovina and in much of the eastern and southern former Yugoslavia Nargile or Nagile is used to refer to the pipe ia usually refers to the nicotine and tar free tobacco that is smoked in it The pipes there often have one or two mouth pieces They are usually shared between two people The flavored tobacco is placed above the water and covered by pierced foil with hot coals placed on top the smoke is drawn through cold water to cool and filter it Shisha from the Persian word shshe meaning glass is the common term for the hookah in Egypt and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf including Kuwait Bahrain Qatar Oman UAE and Saudi Arabia and in Morocco Tunisia Somalia and Yemen In Iran hookah is called Ghalyoon In Uzbekistan hookah is called Chillim In India and Pakistan the name most similar to the English hookah is used huqqa The commonness of the Indian word hookah in English is a result of the British Raj the British dominion of India 18581947 when large numbers of expatriate Britons first sampled the water pipe William Hickey shortly after arriving in Kolkata India in 1775 wrote in his Memoirs The most highly dressed and splendid hookah was prepared for me I tried it but did not like it As after several trials I still found it disagreeable I with much gravity requested to know whether it was indispensably necessary that I should become a smoker which was answered with equal gravity Undoubtedly it is for you might as well be out of the world as out of the fashion Here everybody uses a hookah and it is impossible to get on without I have frequently heard men declare they would much rather be deprived of their dinner than their hookah History The Hookah was invented in India in the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar 1542 1605 AD Following the European introduction of tobacco to India Hakim Abul Fateh Gilani a descendant of Abdul Qadir Al Gilani came from Baghdad to India who was later a physician in the court of Mughal raised concerns after smoking tobacco became popular among Indian noblemen and subsequently envisaged a system which allowed smoke to be passed through water in order to be purified Gilani introduced the hookah after Asad Beg then ambassador of Bijapur encouraged Akbar to take up smoking Following popularity among noblemen this new device for smoking soon became a status symbol for the Indian aristocracy and gentry Culture Middle East Arab world Bedouin smoking hookah locally called argileh in a coffeehouse in Deir ez Zor near the Euphrates River 1920s This section does not cite any references or sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2009 In the Arab world people smoke it as part of their culture and traditions Social smoking is done with a single or double hose and sometimes even more numerous such as a triple or quadruple hose in the forms of parties or small get togethers When the smoker is finished either the hose is placed back on the table signifying that it is available or it is handed from one user to the next folded back on itself so that the mouthpiece is not pointing at the recipient It has been recorded that the Arabs are the biggest shisha smokers in the World and have the most shisha Cafes citation needed Most cafs Arabic transliteration maqhah translation coffeeshop in the Middle East offer shishas Cafs are widespread and are amongst the chief social gathering places in the Arab world akin to public houses in Britain Some expatriate Britons arriving in the Middle East adopt shisha cafs to make up for the lack of pubs in the region especially where prohibition is in place Iran Persian woman in Qajari dress seen here smoking the traditional Qalyan Around 1850 In Iran the hookah is known as a ghalyun Persian also spelled ghalyan ghalyaan or ghelyoon It is similar in many ways to the Arabic hookah but has its own unique attributes An example is the top part of the ghalyoun called sar Persian head where the tobacco is placed is bigger than the ones seen in Turkey Also the major part of the hose is flexible and covered with soft silk or cloth while the Turkish make the wooden part as big as the flexible part Each person has his own personal mouthpiece called an Amjid Amjid is usually made of wood or metal and decorated with valuable or other stones Amjids are only used for their fancy look However all the Hookah Bars have plastic mouth pieces Use of water pipes in Iran can be traced back to the Qajar period In those days the hoses were made of sugar cane Iranians had a special tobacco called Khansar presumably name of the origin city The charcoals would be put on the Khansar without foil Khansar has less smoke than the normal tobacco Nasser al Din Shah Qajar Shah of Persia 1848 1896 is reputed to have considered a hookah mouthpiece pointed at him an insult The smoking of hookahs is very popular with young people in Iran and many young people can be seen smoking them in local tea shops The hookah was until recently served to all ages Iranian officials have since passed a law forbidding its use by those under 20 Israel Nargilas for sale in Jerusalem at the souq In Israel smoking the nargila the Israeli term for hookah is not only a tradition but a culture Nargila smoking is prevalent among Mizrahi Jewish immigrants from Iran Iraq Turkey and Yemen Morocco collectively known as Mizrahi Jews Nargilas are becoming increasingly popular in Israel particularly among tourists Shops selling paraphernalia can be found on most streets and markets In 2005 due to an increase in use among youth a campaign was launched by The Israel Cancer Association warning of the hazards of nargila smoking and the IDF has forbidden the use of nargilas by soldiers within its bases South Asia India The intricate work on a Malabar Hookah The hookah family The concept of hookah originated In India once the province of the wealthy it was tremendously popular especially during Mughal rule The hookah has since become less popular however it is once again garnering the attention of the masses and cafs and restaurants that offer it as a consumable are popular The use of hookahs from ancient times in India was not only a custom but a matter of prestige Rich and landed classes would smoke hookahs Tobacco is smoked in hookahs in many villages as per traditional customs Smoking molasses in a hookah is now becoming popular amongst the youth in India It is a growing trend amongst youngsters and adolescents There are several chain clubs bars and coffee shops in India offering a variety of hookahs The new trends emerging are that of non tobacco hookahs with herbal flavors Koyilandy a small fishing town on the west coast of India once made and exported these extensively These are known as Malabar Hookhas or Koyilandy Hookahs Today these intricate hookahs are difficult to find outside of Koyilandy and not much easier to find in Koyilandy itself The government looks down on hookah smoking There have been numerous raids and bans recently on hookah smoking especially in Gujarat Pakistan In Pakistan although traditionally prevalent in rural areas for generations hookahs have become very popular in the cosmopolitan cities Many clubs and cafes are offering them and it has become quite popular amongst the youth and students in Pakistan This form of smoking has become very popular for social gatherings functions and events There are a large number of cafes and restaurants offering a variety of hookahs Karachi has seen a growth in this business Southeast Asia Philippines In the Philippines the Hookah or Shisha was particularly used within the minority Arab Filipino communities and Indian Filipino although particularly among indigenous Muslim Filipinos a historical following of social and cultural trends set in the Middle East led to the Hookah being a rare albeit prestige social habit of noblemen in important trade cities such as Cotabato or Jolo Hookah was virtually unknown by Christian Filipinos before the latter 20th century yet the popularity among contemporary younger Christians is now vastly growing In the capital s most cosmopolitan city Makati various high end bars and clubs offer hookahs to patrons Although hookah use has been common for hundreds of years and enjoyed by people of all ages it has just begun to become a youth oriented pastime in Asia in recent times Hookahs are most popular with college students and young adults who may be underage and thus unable to purchase cigarettes South Africa In South Africa hookah colloquially known as a hubbly bubbly or an okka pipe is popular amongst the Cape Malay and Indian populations wherein it is smoked as a social pastime However hookah is seeing increasing popularity with white South Africans especially the youth Bars that additionally provide hookahs are becoming more prominent although smoking is normally done at home or in public spaces such as beaches and picnic sites In South Africa the terminology of the various hookah components also differ from other countries The clay head bowl is known as a clay pot The hoses are called pipes and the air release valve is known strangely as a clutch Some scientists point to the dagga pipe as an African origin of hookah United States

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